Somatic musculature of Tardigrada: phylogenetic signal and metameric patterns
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Segmentation in Tardigrada and diversification of segmental patterns in Panarthropoda.
The origin and diversification of segmented metazoan body plans has fascinated biologists for over a century. The superphylum Panarthropoda includes three phyla of segmented animals-Euarthropoda, Onychophora, and Tardigrada. This superphylum includes representatives with relatively simple and representatives with relatively complex segmented body plans. At one extreme of this continuum, euarthr...
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This study is undertaken in order to evaluate specific hypotheses of relationship among extant and extinct sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Tardigrada). Questions of particular interest include the relationship among the three traditional family groupings of extinct ground sloths and the monophyletic or diphyletic origin of the two genera of extant tree sloths. A computer-based cladistic investigat...
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although there are studies on pragmatic assessment, to date, literature has been almost silent about native and non-native english raters’ criteria for the assessment of efl learners’ pragmatic performance. focusing on this topic, this study pursued four purposes. the first one was to find criteria for rating the speech acts of apology and refusal in l2 by native and non-native english teachers...
15 صفحه اولSupport patterns from different outgroups provide a strong phylogenetic signal.
It is known that the accuracy of phylogenetic reconstruction decreases when more distant outgroups are used. We quantify this phenomenon with a novel scoring method, the outgroup score pOG. This score expresses if the support for a particular branch of a tree decreases with increasingly distant outgroups. Large-scale simulations confirmed that the outgroup support follows this expectation and t...
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The last common ancestor of extant bilaterian animals is often referred to as "Urbilateria". Comparative studies of development in a variety of laboratory animals, both traditional model systems and newer "emerging" models, have resulted in many proposals as to the morphological and developmental genetic characteristics of Urbilateria. Most of these proposals are concerned with the development ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
سال: 2013
ISSN: 0024-4082
DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12079